Subsurface mapping is a geological and geophysical technique used to create three-dimensional visualizations of the Earth's subsurface layers. This mapping typically involves the use of seismic surveys, well data, and other geophysical methods to create detailed images of the subsurface structure and potential resources such as oil and gas reservoirs, groundwater aquifers, or mineral deposits. Subsurface mapping is crucial for understanding the composition and structure of the Earth's subsurface, as well as for identifying potential hazards such as faults or unstable rock formations. It is widely used in industries such as oil and gas exploration, mining, and environmental assessment.